HIV essays

HIV essays In West- Central Africa people probably been dying of AIDS for Thousands of years. And they contracted HIV-1 virus by hunting chimpanzees for meat. Fend Goo a scientists from The University Of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) theory is that for centuries, HIV infections were limited to Gabon, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea which are parts of Africa, because they had little contact with the outside world until after WW2. After 1945, the economy changed which brought more travelers to Africa and the disease may have slowly started to spread around the world. Scientist tried to follow the roots of HIV back to it's source and found evidence of the virus in humans from a serum sample taken in the Congo in 1959. For a lot of years, AIDS researchers have thought that human HIV viruses resulted from cross- species transmission namely from some sort of ape or monkey to humans. HIV2 is linked to a simian immunodeficiency virus found in a monkey. Chimpanzee genetics are more than 98% identical to human genetics. Also chimpanzees are only disease hosts not carriers for a virus similar to HIV1 infects humans. Figuring out would lead to more effective AIDS therapies and perhaps even a vaccine. It may also prevent future cross- species transmissions of other HIV mutations. Scientists have discovered three different groups of HIV1 (Groups M,N,O) that they think have come from separate cross- species transmissions. Group M viruses cause AIDS epidemics around the world and are currently infected about 35 million carriers but groups N and O have been contained to villagers in West Central Africa. The researches at UAB did an experiment on there theory of cross species transmission by putting together chimpanzee conservation groups operating near the epicenter of HIV in Africa. The chimp experts described a trade in "bush meat" for human consumption. If the meat is infected the virus infect humans when they handle th ...

Essay on Postpartum Depression

Essay on Postpartum Depression Essay on Postpartum Depression Postpartum Depression-Jess Beckett QUESTIONS: 1. In what century were the first references to postpartum depression? Why is it still under-diagnosed today? Postpartum Depression dates back to the 4th century BC. It has not always been recognized as an illness and as a result it continues to be under-diagnosed. 2. Identify the three types of postpartum depression and for each make notes on the following onset of illness/depression % of mothers affected by it the signs and symptoms typical length of illness BABYBLUES: -most minor form of postpartum depression -usually starts 1-3 days after delivery -characterized by crying, irritability, lack of sleep, mood changes, & the feeling of vulnerability -can last several weeks -estimated that between 50% and 80% of mothers experience them POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: -more debilitating then the â€Å"BLUES† -women suffer despondency, crying, feelings of inadequacy, guilt, anxiety, and fatigue - physical symptoms include headaches, numbness, chest pain, & hyperventilation -mothers with this may regard the child with ambivalence, negativity, and disinterest -tends to be under reported because it’s under studied and still poorly defined -estimated that from 3% to 20% of births -depression can begin at any time between delivery and 6-months post-birth -may last up to several months or even a year POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS: -relatively a rare disorder -symptoms include: extreme confusion, fatigue, agitation, alterations in mood, feelings of hopelessness, shame, hallucinations, & rapid speech or mania -studies indicate that is affects only 1 in 1000 births 3. Make a general list of causes/risk factors for postpartum depression that women should be aware of. -maternal age -expectations of motherhood, -the level of support for the new mother. -women who have experienced depression before becoming pregnant are at higher risk for postpartum depression. -estimated 10% to 35% of women will experience a recurrence of postpartum depression -Women who have the most doctor visits during their pregnancy and who also took the most sick-leave days have been found to be most likely to develop postpartum depression. -The risk increases in women who have experienced 2 or more abortions, or women who have a history of obstetric complications. -Severe Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), -a difficult relationship, -stressful events during the pregnancy or after delivery. 4. What are some tips for â€Å"self-care† that can be done at home to help alleviate some signs and symptoms of postpartum depression? -Surround yourself with supportive family members and friends -Take care of yourself -Get as much rest as you can, nap when the baby naps. -Try not to spend much time alone. -Spend some time alone with your husband or partner. -Take a shower and get dressed every day. -Get out of the house. -Don't expect too much from yourself. - Don't worry too much about the housework. -Ask friends and family for help. -Talk to other mothers. You can learn from each other, and their experiences can be

Taj Mahal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Taj Mahal - Essay Example This is to take advantage of the waterfront situation in the garden. The garden around the Tomb has two major sections; the cross-axial and the four-fold garden. The waterfront was a chief element in the design of the whole complex. At the southern far corner of the garden is the Taj forecourt, at both of its widths, are framed by two smaller courts (tombs of lesser wives of Jahan and courtyard for the tomb attendants). The mausoleum also has additional complex of quarters for merchants and tourists. This was to ensure its accessibility to the whole world. The upkeep and maintenance of the Taj Mahal was financed by the taxes from thirty villages in Agra and income from bazaars and caravanserais as ordered by imperial command. According to Koch (2005), â€Å"The Taj is built architectural theory and can be read like a literary text, once we have mastered the architectural language† (p. 137). Even though there are no texts to prove that the Mughals had written architectural theory, Koch states that his investigations have shown that the theory was laid down in the planning itself. In conclusion, the principles of Shah Jahan’s architecture, which resulted in the building of the monument, are geometric planning, symmetry, hierarchy, proportionality and uniformity, attention to details, naturalism, and symbolism. These principles and their astonishing results can be clearly seen in the complex. For instance, asymmetrical planning with a focus on bilateral symmetry can be seen in the central axis in which the main features are placed. In addition, the building was built to symbolize the power and glory of Shah Tahan. The naturalism principle can be seen through decorations of walls, ceilings, and the tombs; they are mostly decorated with flowers of different colors (Koch